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  1. The Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA)(National Instruments, 2021, 2022c; Wikipedia Contributors, 2021) is a simple Application Programming Interface (API) to com- municate with test and measurement instrumentation from a computer. VISA includes specifications for communicating with resources or instruments over GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus, IEEE-488) and VXI (VME eXtensions for instrumentation), which are test and measurement specific I/O interfaces along with providing protocols for communicating over PC-Standard I/O standards, such as VXI-11 (over TCP/IP), UCSBTMC (USBTest and Measurement Class, over USB), HiSLIP (High Speed LAN Instrument Protocol).(Wikipedia Contributors, 2021) VISA’s ability to communicate with a wide variety of instruments over a broad range of I/O’s using a common set of APIs makes it an attractive communication API for scientists and equipment manufacturers to write equipment control software with. 
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